Vaclav Havel Into the Heart of a Passionate Writer Free Essays

Writers are a  very passionate group of people. Their identities are shaped and formed through their written words. Their pens, combined with wit, conceive literary works that brighten the stage, screen, book or any other reading material, and influence a great audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Vaclav Havel: Into the Heart of a Passionate Writer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Inspiration is taken from different sources, and choices are varied. Sometimes, too, their tool is used to create literary bombs that are more explosive than physical weapons combined. Vaclav Havel, â€Å"a playwright, human rights activist and former Czech President†, is one influential example of this group. To his countrymen and admirers, he is a notable hero as he was able to shake his nation – former Czechoslovakia [and present Czech Republic] –  to rise up and take action against the evils of society.  He belonged to a wealthy family, who was forced to give up their belongings during Communist rule. This didn’t stop him, however, in furthering his studies though he was deprived of his supposed privileges – even banned from pursuing formal university education. This turning point gave him the opportunity to discover the world of literature and enhance his artistry using his country’s situation as theme in most of his works. Various adjectives may be used to describe him: radical, nonconformist, leftist. But more so, he can be regarded as a very passionate man in his field. As Matt Welch would describe him, â€Å"He’s a fiction writer whose engagement with the world led him to master the nonfiction political essay.† This, he would later prove useful as when chaos threatened to ruin his country. The collection of his writings displays his unmatched creativity at targeting his country’s enemies and defending the rights of his fellowmen. History, Arts Politics Former Czechoslovakia has a rich history to be told, like similar countries that experienced invasion, war and political crisis. That is why politics and the Arts are deeply rooted in the lives and history of Czechs.  During the transition periods from Communism to Social Reformation to Soviet Rule to Reformation, the Arts played a vital role in metaphorically criticizing the system when freedom of expression and direct address were restricted. Czech writers used their skill to relay their country’s grievances to a gathered crowd and even to a few small, silent groups. Havel, having mastered the art of writing as a playwright, extended his talent to writing essays and delivering speeches to address the growing plight of his fellowmen during those times. Examples of his most famous works like â€Å"The Garden Party, Temptation, and The Increased Difficulty of Concentration were long banned in his homeland†. He spent years  in and out of prison because of his open criticisms against dictatorship and fighting for what he believed in. Even for battling personal wars and physical health conditions that nearly killed him, he never failed at implementing his cause. He would often emphasize through his writings and speeches the need to use common sense in governing, emphasizing his total dislike of the â€Å"totalitarian system† and â€Å"fake ideologies†. He wowed the silent and fearful crowd by his straightforwardness and determination in delivering the message across. The contemporary world became his refuge while deeply focusing on the growing need for change, and attacking the system and its allies.  His open letter to â€Å"Gustav Husak, former Czechoslovakia dictator† – denouncing his way of governance and the effect against the Czech people- is one admirable feat. It stirred the uprising that eventually freed his country, thereby eradicating the injustice that Communism brought and successfully owning their long-deprived freedoms at last. The â€Å"Velvet Revolution† started. When the rock group â€Å"The Plastic People of the Universe† were banned and arrested for doing underground performances, Havel co-founded â€Å"Charter 77†, a human rights organization defending those violated which was subsequently supported by the formation of other human rights organizations. Musicians, writers and filmmakers created a light mood out of the dreary situation by organizing theater performances. It resulted to the â€Å"Prague Spring†, which opened opportunities for artists to inform and involve the world of their situation to which the world responded accordingly. This, in turn, led to the stoppage of further performances and exile of those gifted individuals. But due to their boldness and the strong support of the Czech people, a series of groundbreaking events happened that eventually weakened the government. Havel’s written and verbal denunciations were always noticed and observed – reason that he had to pay for by serving prison terms and torture. It still remains a wonder, though, why he wasn’t executed when some of the other reformists were â€Å"purged† by the government. He is just lucky indeed to be alive and continue his mission. His entry to politics was also bittersweet. He had critics, mostly from those exiled during the â€Å"Stalinist-style† governance who were his former counterparts. He immediately shared his platforms, which focused on interaction and involvement, upon assuming the presidential seat. He coined the term â€Å"nonpolitical politics† to highlight his philosophy of leadership with heart and soul, rather than plain implementation of rules. His rule led to gradual and drastic reforms combined. These actions, though, led to some of his former friends calling him a traitor and masked social ally; but, he remained steadfast in his beliefs. Reflections of these events in his life were written in his â€Å"Summer Meditations†. It was his passage to discuss his own conflicts with the world, while helping build a better society. Much was said for and against him, but even for the many negative comments, his positive actions outshone. His independent attitude led to a very colorful and exciting life that he was proud of – and which, also colored his country and fellow men’s once hopeless lives. Modern Czech Theatre and Present Czech Republic The Czech Theatre as well as the Czech Republic will not be what it is now had it not been for the efforts of Havel and a few others. We can say that Czechs, who haven’t experienced the bitter past of their country but have heard about it, can say nothing but praise to the people who led them to democracy.  Freedoms are not deprived anymore, thanks to the â€Å"dramatic political changes† that shaped their country. Now, Czechs can sit back and relax while listening to music or watching shows that depict a freer expression of the artists involved – without fear of prosecution or unjust torture. The Arts have graced the stage throughout their history, but the sweetest result is the present situation where everyone can join and express their thoughts without fear. Many talented individuals have sprung up following Havel and his counterparts’ footsteps. The international scene is now one of their channels in showcasing their gifts. The remaining group of the past, that were once commanded to stop, is proud of the fruits of their labor.  Nobody can’t help observe their situation and lifestyle today without involving politics and the arts, which formed their identity as a nation. Their nation and culture was built on firm foundation strengthened throughout the years that it was under colonial rule. Havel may just be one trigger that sparked the gradual evolution of literature and politics. He could have chosen to stay mum and be a puppet to the system, but his desire to have a free Czechoslovakia and to be a free man prevailed, despite fear of being prosecuted and sentenced.  For most, he may be legendary. To some, downright crazy. But overall, he is one big influence who helped give breathing space for his fellow Czechs while allowing some for himself. Today, he continues to inspire, through his life story and works,   a number of people who look up to him in awe, wondering how he was able to put his act together and do something quite impossible and fearful at first thought, but possible if one is really determined at achieving it. And as a passionate writer with compassion to his homeland, he was able to use his talent to give the greatest gift his country long deserved – freedom – which is made sweeter by the long journey it has undergone before actually owning it. Works Cited â€Å"Czech Republic Today†. The World Book Encyclopedia of People and Places. 2000. â€Å"Havel, Vaclav†. Academic American Encyclopedia. 15th ed. 1994. Welch, Matt. â€Å"Velvet President: Why Vaclav Havel is Our George Orwell and More?† Mar 2003.Reason Online: Free Minds and Free Markets.12 January 2008. http://reason.com/archives/2003/05/01/velvet-president. How to cite Vaclav Havel: Into the Heart of a Passionate Writer, Essay examples

English Poetry Analysis Essay Example For Students

English Poetry Analysis Essay Born In 1 935, In the town of Malden, in Victoria; Gallagher went through the 2nd World War as a child, and as a result, experienced many diversities that came with It, such as fear of loved ones not coming home and rationing of food. I believe that this poem is unique In the way that it represents an important point of view on the ending of the 2nd World War, not Just because It Is Australian, but because It also conveys a form of acceptance and sorrow over the destruction caused by the atomic bombing on Japan. Gallagher uses many techniques, notably metaphors, to represent emotions felt by people, emphasizing their desperation when waiting for news in the line Ears keyed to the wireless and Ghost Towns, used to aid readers visualize the devastating situation, allowing for hem to tongues, is a distinctive metaphor in that I believe it to not only represent the residue of atomic fires, but also the inescapable legacy that had been passed down, which is indisputably the objectionable usage of the devastating bomb. Symbolism also helps share Gallagher perspective on the war. The line our teacher joining in symbolizes how even adults celebrated the event by having fun, something which they would not have been able to do for many years. This generates a sense of Sibilance, and combined with Gallagher effectively positioning the reader as though they are actually in the situation themselves, World War 2 ended and celebrations everywhere, the reader can understand how joyous people were when the war was finally declared over. With the poem being written in first person, weve won and The bomb entered our conversation, Gallagher also uses personification in the lines The bomb entered our conversation, a stranger who refused to leave, to clearly convey that the bomb is unwanted, a symbol of guilt and fear, by making it personal with the reader. Whilst this effectively reflects her personal attitudes towards the war, remorse and acceptance, the reader also starts to question their own attitude towards the war. However, it is the Juxtaposition within the layers of the poem that most entices the readers war was over, to the suddenly somber tone that comes with the realization of the deaths that were the price of war combined with the existence of the atomic bomb which spreads fear. It effectively engineers turmoil within the reader. With no rhythm or rhyming scheme within the poem, the poem is a free-verse, following the rhythm of natural speech with no consistent meter patterns. Thus, Gallagher uses precise language and strong phrasing in order to get her point across quickly and concisely, such as the lines Japan embed, gigantic clouds curling, skies burnt scarlet -total destruction . War over. This and The short, sharp rhythm is very effective as it doesnt let the readers mind wander from the point, thereby successfully demanding the readers attention at all times. Poem Annotation The Last War There was only one war, and it was finishing any day soon. Ears keyed to the wireless, we waited. Then the news: Japan bombed, gigantic clouds curling, skies burnt scarlet total destruction Weve won, weve won, a conga-chant round the schoolgirls, beating tins, sticks: our teacher Joining in flags, Jumbled cries uncles and cousins owing back. The war over. Hiroshima, Nagasaki ghost towns now. Over two hundred thousand people ghosts too. We couldnt imagine it. The bomb entered our conversation, a stranger who refused to leave. Only years on did we become aware of the pit of ash beneath our tongues. Taken From http://www. Territorially. Due. AU/poets/Gallagher-Katherine/the-last- war-0646045 Comment : Symbolic represents the anticipation that everyone had waiting to hear the news that the war had ended therefore the suffering and death as well had ended. Comment : Symbolic represents that this Comment : Short, sharp rhythm gets straight to the point instead of wandering, doesnt let readers mind wander from the point. Comment : Symbolic represents that there was nearly noth ing left after the explosion, everything had been decimated. .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .postImageUrl , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:hover , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:visited , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:active { border:0!important; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:active , .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c18a8958dcba2ffc5075b4b47dcd14c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry and Schizophrenia EssayComment : Symbolic represents the Sibilance felt by those who were relieved that the war had ended, generating a sense of relief Comment : Symbolic represents how even the adults celebrated the event by having a little fun something they had not been able to do for many years. Comment : Symbolic- represents how separated families got back together after he war Comment : Symbolic represents how the cities were literally empty no, with nothing at all left untouched. Comment : Symbolic represents that how many people were lost Comment : Symbolic represents how, in the countries that won after the war, as the people there could not feel the direct effects of how the war was ended (atomic bomb), and no-one could imagine it, people celebrated, instead of mourned. Comment : Juxtaposition sharp contrast from cheerful and happy that the war was over to suddenly a somber tone that was full of guilt and sadness.

American Indian Movement History and Profile

American Indian Movement History and Profile The American Indian Movement (AIM) started in Minneapolis, Minn., in 1968 amid rising concerns about police brutality, racism, substandard housing and joblessness in Native communities, not to mention long-held concerns about treaties broken by the U.S. government. Founding members of the organization included George Mitchell, Dennis Banks, Eddie Benton Banai, and Clyde Bellecourt, who rallied the Native American community to discuss these concerns. Soon the AIM leadership found itself fighting for tribal sovereignty, restoration of Native lands, preservation of indigenous cultures, quality education and healthcare for Native peoples.​ â€Å"AIM is difficult to identify for some people,† the group states on its website. â€Å"It seems to stand for many things at once- the protection of treaty rights and the preservation of spirituality and culture. But what else? †¦At the 1971 AIM national conference, it was decided that translating policy to practice meant building organizations- schools and housing and employment services. In Minnesota, AIM’s birthplace, that is exactly what was done.† In its early days, AIM occupied abandoned property at a Minneapolis-area naval station to draw attention to the educational needs of Native youth. This led to the organization securing Indian education grants and establishing schools such as the Red School House and the Heart of the Earth Survival School that provided culturally relevant education to indigenous young people. AIM also led to the formation of spin-off groups such as Women of All Red Nations, created to address women’s rights, and the National Coalition on Racism in Sports and Media, created to address the use of Indian mascots by athletic teams. But AIM is most known for actions such as the Trail of Broken Treaties march, the occupations of Alcatraz and Wounded Knee and the Pine Ridge Shootout. Occupying Alcatraz Native American activists, including AIM members, made international headlines in 1969 when they occupied Alcatraz Island on Nov. 20 to demand justice for indigenous peoples. The occupation would last for more than 18 months, ending on June 11, 1971, when U.S. Marshals recovered it from the last 14 activists who remained there. A diverse group of American Indians- including college students, couples with children and Natives from both reservations and urban areas- participated in the occupation on the island where Native leaders from the Modoc and Hopi nations faced incarceration in the 1800s. Since that time, treatment of indigenous peoples had yet to improve because the federal government had consistently ignored treaties, according to the activists. By bringing attention to the injustices Native Americans suffered, the Alcatraz occupation led government officials to address their concerns. â€Å"Alcatraz was a big enough symbol that for the first time this century Indians were taken seriously,† the late historian Vine Deloria Jr. told Native Peoples Magazine in 1999. Trail of Broken Treaties March AIM members held a march in Washington D.C. and occupied the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in November 1972 to spotlight the concerns the American Indian community had about the federal government’s policies towards indigenous peoples. They presented a 20-point plan to President Richard Nixon about how the government could resolve their concerns, such as restoring treaties, allowing American Indian leaders to address Congress, restoring land to Native peoples, creating a new office of Federal Indian Relations and abolishing the BIA. The march thrust the American Indian Movement into the spotlight. Occupying Wounded Knee On February 27, 1973, AIM leader Russell Means, fellow activists, and Oglala Sioux members began an occupation of the town of Wounded Knee, S.D., to protest corruption in the tribal council, the U.S. government’s failure to honor treaties to Native peoples and strip mining on the reservation. The occupation lasted for 71 days. When the siege came to an end, two people had died and 12 had been injured. A Minnesota court dismissed charges against the activists who participated in the Wounded Knee occupation due to prosecutorial misconduct after an eight-month trial. Occupying Wounded Knee had symbolic overtones, as it was the site where U.S. soldiers killed an estimated 150 Lakota Sioux men, women, and children in 1890. In 1993 and 1998, AIM organized gatherings to commemorate the Wounded Knee occupation. Pine Ridge Shootout Revolutionary activity did not die down on the Pine Ridge Reservation after the Wounded Knee occupation. Oglala Sioux members continued to view its tribal leadership as corrupt and too willing to placate U.S. government agencies such as the BIA. Moreover, AIM members continued to have a strong presence on the reservation. In June 1975, AIM activists were implicated in the murders of two FBI agents. All were acquitted except for Leonard Peltier who was sentenced to life in prison. Since his conviction, there’s been a large public outcry that Peltier is innocent. He and activist Mumia Abu-Jamal are among the most high profile political prisoners in the U.S. Peltier’s case has been covered in documentaries, books, news articles and a music video by the band Rage Against the Machine. AIM Winds Down By the late 1970s, the American Indian Movement began to unravel due to internal conflicts, incarceration of leaders and efforts on the part of government agencies such as the FBI and CIA to infiltrate the group. The national leadership reportedly disbanded in 1978. Local chapters of the group remained active, however. AIM Today The American Indian Movement remains based in Minneapolis with several branches nationwide. The organization prides itself on fighting for the rights of Native peoples outlined in treaties and helping to preserve indigenous traditions and spiritual practices. The organization also has fought for the interests of aboriginal peoples in Canada, Latin America and worldwide. â€Å"At the heart of AIM is deep spirituality and a belief in the connectedness of all Indian people,† the group states on its website. AIM’s perseverance over the years has been trying. Attempts by the federal government to neutralize the group, transitions in leadership and infighting have taken a toll. But the organization states on its website: â€Å"No one, inside or outside the movement, has so far been able to destroy the will and strength of AIM’s solidarity. Men and women, adults and children are continuously urged to stay strong spiritually, and to always remember that the movement is greater than the accomplishments or faults of its leaders.†

What Was San Augustine Trying To Achieve In His Work, The City Of God

What Was San Augustine Trying To Achieve In His Work, The City Of God What Was San Augustine Trying To Achieve In His Work, The City Of God Why Was This Important To – Article Example What was San Augustine trying to achieve in his work, The of God? Why was this important to him? What arguments were made? What are the implications for any regime with a large Christian population?Name: Professor: Course: Date:What San Augustine wanted to achieve in the city of God? The main aim of san Augustine was to persuade the pagans. He saw that the inhabitants of the city had become so ungodly and wanted to show them that God was in control of the city. He was also trying to defend the Christians who lived in the city. The Christians used to receive much criticism from the pagans, which influenced St Augustine to rise for the sake of Christianity. He had the urge to encourage people to repent as Christ had shown them many favors, and they were not appreciating. He had a determination to prove Christianity right as the pagans were blaspheming accusing Christians of the attack by Goths in the reign of Alaric (Augustine, & Dyson, 1998).Importance of, the city of God to San Augus tine The city of God was important to St Augustine, as it did not show any discrimination to any individual or race. Even murders went to inhabit in the city whereas they could not stay in their cities. The city was a blessed nation according to St Augustine, which made him treasure the city (Augustine, & Dyson, 1998). Arguments made He argued that even the Romans who the barbarians spared due to respect for Christ also become enemies of Christ. There was increased pride and insult from the pagans who insulted Christians and through they were safe in the name of Christ from their enemies (Augustine, & Dyson, 1998).Implications of large Christian population in a regime Regimes with large number of Christians pose many advantages as well as challenges. First, there is peace in these areas. In addition, respect for humanity is key to Christians hence respect among the inhabitants is high. A regime with a large number of Christians faces a lot of criticism hence enmity by other religio ns (Augustine, & Dyson, 1998).ReferencesAugustine, & Dyson, R. W. (1998). The city of God against the pagans. New York: Cambridge University Press.

IFRS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IFRS - Essay Example U.S. GAAP consist the accounting standards whose history date back since 1930s. The standards were put in place by the American Institute of Accountants following the stock market crash in 1929. Between 1938 and 1939, U.S. GAAP was established under the pressure of the chief accountant of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The chief accountant required AIA to provide substantial standards to be observed when performing accounting practices. A special committee was formed thereby recommending several accounting and reporting standards as well as introduced the concept of â€Å"financial statements.† This paper summarizes the difference between IFRS and US GAAP as well as gives you an understanding of what these two set of standards are. 1. Under US GAAP Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or market, where market is current replacement cost. LIFO permitted. Under IFRS Inventory is carried at a lower of cost or realized value. Realizable value is the best estimate of the amount expected to be realized considering the business purpose. LIFO is prohibited 2. Under US GAAP Inventory write downs are write down to lower of cost or market creates a new cost basis. Reversal of previously written down amounts are prohibited. Under IFRS previously written down amounts can be reversed up to the original impairment loss if the reason for impairment no longer exists. 3. When determining a method for long lived asset impairment under US GAAP you must use the two step approach. Must perform the recovery test and if not met you must then perform the impairment test. Under IFRS you can use a one-step approach. 4. Under financial documents, US GAAP required financial statements to incorporate a balance sheet, income and cash flow statements, changes in equity and footnotes. Also, US GAAP required that current and non-current assets be separated while interests are incorporated in liabilities on a separate entry

The Extent To Which Creating Value To Customers And To The Firm Are An Essay

The Extent To Which Creating Value To Customers And To The Firm Are An Intrinsic Part Of Marketing Today - Essay Example The actors can create value and make offers for potential values. In some occasions, both service providers and customers play significant roles in value creation process. This brings the issue of clients being the value co-creator. Gronroos (2011, p.1) points out that the customer is always a co-producer of value as far as creation of customer value is concerned. Understanding value creation and co-creation value are essential because it enables individuals to meet their stated goals successfully. Value creation deals with value-in-use, which is produced by clients. The process that contributes to value-in-use for customers is essential in producing value for clients. The value-in-use covers all the activities performed by the company and customers in business process. Moreover, the both customers and firms play significant roles in value creation process. Customers are the user of the products; thus, they create value for themselves through integrating organization resources with o ther crucial available resources in a self-services process (Gronroos 2011, p.9). Contrary, the firm play the role of resource provision to customers; thus in the process they create value to customers. The resources integrated and utilized by customers or firms must be created by someone. Self-evident manufacturing is one of the essential roles of firms that they play in the process of value creation of customers. Designing, development, manufacturing and delivering of resources are all the necessary process for creating value in-use (see figure 1 below). This means that they facilitate value creation of customers; thus contributing to successful business... The report stresses that marketing management philosophies are the key, critical tasks of creating effective customer and organization value; thus improving business performance. There are numerous ways through which organizations conduct their marketing activities. These include production, promotion, distribution and pricing concepts, which are combined as the marketing mix. The societal marketing is one of the marketing management philosophies that aim to improve the wellbeing of the society. This is through focusing on consumer value creation and satisfaction of their needs. This paper concluded that understanding value creation is essential, and marketers should understand it in the new sense of satisfying the needs of customers rather than making sales in marketing practices. Therefore, companies nowadays strive to maintain and attract new customers through creating customer value. The employ varied marketing strategies, which include marketing promotion, product differentiation and pricing strategies in achieving effective business performance. They empathize on the significant of marketing management philosophies that will enable them to maintain and improve customer of organization values. Lastly, marketers incorporate technologies in the business process such use of Internet and social networking sites in order to achieve competitive advantage. However, poor incorporation associate with inadequate technical skills impact significantly customer and organization value in the marketing practices.

Sports Tour Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Sports Tour Business - Research Paper Example The skiing business is highly seasonal in nature. The actual ski season lasts from mid-December through to April if it is short. It lasts from the weekend before Christmas day to the end of March. In terms of pricing various factors are put into consideration such as: - This is the period between September and January. January is the back to school period, which ushers the start of the peak ski holiday booking period. September is the start of operator's main marketing programs. This is between February and April. Many operators discount to fill the later shoulder season dates of March and into April. Easter falling in April helps to extend the ski season, while Easter falling in March tends to shorten the ski season although Easter dates in March will tend to sell better because of the perception of better show in March than in April. This is the period between May and August. It sees a trickle of bookings with operators offering special deals and bookings in centers to get as many early bookings as possible. This period will also be used to focus on the supply side of business as well as finalizing marketing campaigns. However, this is not an ideal situation in terms of operations and finance and to supplement revenues in the otherwise quieter summer season. (d) Late Booking Phenomenon This is booking made three weeks or less in advance of the departure date. The internet has been the driver of this through the advent of a multitude of late booking sites, as well as snow report sites that publish real time snapshots of ski slopes through web cams and up to the minute reports on snow conditions. In determining the revenue to be generated from skiing, the following assumptions are made: - There is always an increment of 5% in the price of ski package holiday over the next three years. The current price being 677. The growth in the number of ski package holidays in the next three years (other factors held constant) is 3%. The current number being 3,500. Source: industry analysis Therefore: 2007 2008 2009 Price 677 711 746 Growth 5% Number of Packages 3,400 3,502 3,607 Growth 3% Revenue 2,301,800 2,489,922 2,690,867 Cash Flow Payment delay is typically 30 days to suppliers (airlines and accommodation agencies). Ski tour operators take a booking deposit of approximately 35 - 150 per person. The remainder is payable in full prior to departure/commencement of the holiday which is ideally10 weeks before departure but in practice holiday balance can be chased up until the ticketing period, which generally three to four weeks before the departure date. Late bookers can also be subject to cover the administrative expenses of getting tickets to the airport for collection by the customer the day of departure Management and cash implications The figures show a growth in price and demand of 5% and 3% respectively. To maintain this price and demand growth, management has to undertake certain issues such as: - Provide online bookings - This will smoothen booking exercises for customers who are busy Low cost airlines serving ski